What are the components of the core transmission structure of a steering system?

The core transmission structure of a steering system is a crucial component for realizing the steering function of a vehicle or machine, and its design directly affects the sensitivity and stability of steering. The core transmission structure of a steering system typically consists of the following main components:

The steering shaft is the basic component of the steering system, responsible for transmitting the driver's steering input to the steering mechanism. Steering shafts are usually made of high-strength steel, possessing good torsional resistance and durability. The design of the steering shaft must consider its length, diameter, and connection method to ensure efficient and reliable torque transmission.

The steering gearbox is one of the core components of the steering system, mainly used to amplify steering torque and change the direction of force transmission. Common types of steering gearboxes include rack and pinion, recirculating ball, and worm gear. Rack and pinion steering gearboxes are simple in structure and respond quickly, suitable for light vehicles; recirculating ball steering gearboxes are suitable for heavy vehicles, offering higher transmission efficiency and durability.

The steering tie rod and steering knuckle arm are key components connecting the steering gearbox and the wheels. The tie rod connects to the steering knuckle arm via a ball joint, transmitting steering torque to the wheels. The tie rod design needs to possess both rigidity and flexibility to accommodate wheel movement and changes in steering angle. The steering knuckle arm is responsible for translating the steering torque into the actual steering action of the wheels.

Power steering is a common auxiliary component in modern steering systems, used to reduce the driver's steering effort. Common power steering systems include hydraulic power steering, electric pneumatic power steering, and electronic power steering. Hydraulic power steering systems provide auxiliary force through a hydraulic pump and are suitable for heavy-duty vehicles; electric power steering systems provide auxiliary force through an electric motor and are characterized by low energy consumption and fast response.

The transmission structure of the steering system also includes universal joints and couplings, used to address angular misalignment and axial displacement between the steering shaft and the steering gearbox. Universal joints can compensate for angular misalignment within a certain range and are suitable for steering systems with complex layouts; couplings are used to connect transmission components on different axes, ensuring smooth torque transmission.